These slowly developing microbial communities not only help to digest our food and produce important bioactive substances but are essential for the maturation of immune cells and organ structures. Moreover, this study demonstrates the therapeutic value of a defined consortium to promote intestinal maturation and immunity even in adult organisms.Īfter birth, mammals successively acquire microbes on their mucosal surfaces with the most numerous communities residing in the gut. ConclusionsĬonsortium modeling revealed that the addition of two facultative anaerobes to the OMM 12 community was essential to further progress the intestinal development. rodentium-infected GF mice did not allow sufficient extravasation of neutrophils into the gut lumen, colonization with OMM 12 + MC 2 commensals initiated the expansion and activation of the visceral vascular system enabling granulocyte transmigration into the gut lumen for effective pathogen elimination. Here, we describe that colonization of adult carrier mice with 14 selected commensal microbes (OMM 12 + MC 2) was sufficient to reestablish the host immune response to enteric pathogens this conversion was facilitated by maturation and activation of the intestinal blood vessel system and the step- and timewise stimulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The Citrobacter rodentium-carrier model in germ-free (GF) mice is suitable to study the influence of selected microbes on an otherwise blunted immune response in the absence of intestinal commensals. The intestinal microbiota fundamentally guides the development of a normal intestinal physiology, the education, and functioning of the mucosal immune system.

Matrix absence management rossana